The Startup Due Diligence Checklist: What Investors Look For
Every institutional investor conducts legal due diligence before writing a check. Here's exactly what they look for — and how to be ready before the ask comes.
Due diligence is the investor's verification process — confirming that your company is what you say it is and that there are no hidden legal problems. Having your documents organized before fundraising starts saves 2-4 weeks on closing timelines and signals to investors that your company is well-run.
Why Due Diligence Matters
Every institutional investor (and most sophisticated angels) will request a due diligence package before closing an investment. They're looking for two things:
- Confirmation that the legal foundation is sound — proper formation, clean cap table, IP ownership, compliant employment practices.
- Red flags that signal risk — missing documents, unresolved disputes, sloppy governance, or structural problems that could create liability.
The speed and quality of your diligence response directly affects investor confidence. Companies that respond within 48 hours with a well-organized data room close faster and negotiate from strength. Companies that scramble for weeks to assemble documents create doubt.
The Complete Checklist
Corporate Formation & Structure
- Certificate of Incorporation (and all amendments)
- Bylaws (current version)
- Certificate(s) of good standing from Delaware and any state where you're qualified to do business
- EIN confirmation letter from the IRS
- State qualification filings (foreign entity registrations in states where you have employees or operations)
- Organizational chart showing all subsidiaries, if any
Capitalization
- Fully reconciled cap table (preferably on Carta)
- All Stock Purchase Agreements for founder and common stock
- 83(b) election filings and proof of mailing for all restricted stock holders
- Equity Incentive Plan (board and stockholder approved)
- All stock option grant documentation (board consents, grant notices, option agreements)
- 409A valuation reports (current and historical)
- All SAFE agreements
- All convertible note agreements
- Any prior preferred stock purchase agreements and related financing documents
- Any secondary transaction documentation
- Warrant agreements, if any
Board & Governance
- All board consents and written resolutions (chronological)
- Board meeting minutes, if any
- Stockholder consents
- Voting agreements
- Investors' Rights Agreements
- Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreements
- Indemnification agreements for directors and officers
Intellectual Property
- All CIIAA / IP assignment agreements (founders, employees, contractors)
- Pre-incorporation IP assignment documentation
- Trademark registrations and applications
- Patent applications and registrations, if any
- Domain name registrations
- Open source software audit (or list of material OSS dependencies and their licenses)
- Any IP-related disputes or claims
Employment & HR
- All employee offer letters and employment agreements
- Independent contractor agreements
- Advisor agreements
- Employee handbook (if applicable)
- Any separation or severance agreements
- Workers' compensation insurance documentation
- Any pending or threatened employment claims or disputes
Commercial Contracts
- Material customer contracts (typically top 5-10 by revenue)
- Material vendor agreements
- Partnership or channel agreements
- Any agreements with revenue commitments, exclusivity, or non-compete provisions
- Standard form customer agreement (template)
Compliance & Regulatory
- Privacy Policy (current, published on website)
- Terms of Service (current, published on website)
- Data processing agreements (DPAs) with vendors and customers
- Industry-specific licenses or regulatory filings, if any
- Any government correspondence, investigations, or orders
- D&O insurance policy
- General liability insurance policy
- Cyber/E&O insurance, if any
Litigation & Disputes
- List of all pending or threatened litigation, arbitration, or disputes
- Settlement agreements
- Demand letters received or sent
- Any outstanding liens or encumbrances
Financial
- Financial statements (annual, and most recent month-end)
- Tax returns (federal and state, last 2-3 years)
- Bank statements (most recent month)
- Material debt agreements (lines of credit, loans)
- Revenue contracts backlog or pipeline, if requested
Organizing the Data Room
Structure
Organize your virtual data room by category (matching the sections above). Use a consistent naming convention:
01 - Corporate Formation
01.01 - Certificate of Incorporation
01.02 - Bylaws
01.03 - Good Standing Certificates
02 - Capitalization
02.01 - Cap Table (Carta export)
02.02 - Stock Purchase Agreements
...
Platform
Use whatever you're comfortable with — Google Drive, Dropbox, or a dedicated data room platform (Carta, Ansarada, Datasite). What matters is that it's organized, searchable, and access-controlled.
Permissions
Set up viewer-only access for investors and their counsel. Track who views what — some platforms provide this automatically. Revoke access for investors who pass on the deal.
Common Issues That Delay Deals
Missing 83(b) Elections
Investors will ask for proof of filing. If a founder can't produce the election letter and certified mail receipt, it raises questions about the entire corporate record-keeping.
Unsigned Board Consents
Option grants, officer appointments, and financing authorizations all require board approval. If those consents were never signed, the actions may not be legally valid.
Contractor IP Gaps
A freelance developer who built your MVP without a signed IP assignment agreement is a diligence red flag. The fix (getting a retroactive assignment) is usually possible but takes time and may require payment.
Inconsistent Cap Table
If your Carta cap table doesn't match the stock purchase agreements and board consents, reconciliation delays everything. Keep these in sync continuously.
State Qualification Gaps
If you have employees in California but never registered as a foreign entity there, you have a compliance gap. It's fixable, but it takes time and may involve back-filing fees.
The Pre-Diligence Audit
Before you start fundraising, run through this checklist yourself. Every missing item is a problem you'll need to solve under time pressure during the raise. Fix them now when you have leverage and flexibility.
Better yet, maintain a current data room at all times. Update it quarterly. When the term sheet arrives, you respond in 48 hours instead of 4 weeks. That speed advantage is worth more than most founders realize.
Want help getting diligence-ready before your next raise? Book a free call — due diligence preparation is a core part of what we do.
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